Amino acids. A fundamental tool in agriculture

Amino acids. A fundamental tool in agriculture

Amino acids. A fundamental tool in agriculture

Overview of amino acids

The amino acid is an organic molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. When a series of amino acids are joined by peptide bonds, the proteins are formed. Proteins are important macromolecules involved in all aspects of growth and development of plants.

Plants synthesize amino acids from the N absorbed as nitrate or ammonium that is in the soil. Clearly, the process of absorbing nitrogen from the soil is an important loss of energy for the plant. Therefore, the main reason why it is so important to applicate these products in agriculture is the energy savings that they achieve. This energy will be used in other processes such as sprouting, flowering or fruit set and fruit fattening, so that will increase the quality and the production of the crop.

Types

There are 20 types of amino acids that form proteins. There are certain types that are better for specific functions. Thus, the amino acids responsible for chlorophyll synthesis are Alanine, Arginine and Glycine. For the development of the root or to delay the senescence there are the Arginine and the Methionine. If we want to achieve a chelating effect on the soil and a better development of shoots and leaves we will use the Glycine. For the resistance systems of the plant the best types are the lysine, the glutamic acid and the glycine. Finally, for the synthesis of gibberellins we will use leucine and proline.

Aminograms, what they are and how they are interpreted

An aminogram is a schematic representation of the amino acid composition of a peptide or protein (or in our case of a fertilizer). A aminogram can be qualitative (if only appears the different types of amino acids that contains the product) or quantitative (if also appears the amount of each amino acid).

Fertilizer companies use this diagram to give information about the amino acid content of the products. In addition, we bring also the amount of free amino acids in our products. This data provides very important information about the product quality. In the hydrolysis (process by amino acids are obtained, and that will be discussed later) peptide bonds of proteins are broken, generating fractions of amino acids. These portions can be very heterogeneous, but only amino acids that are free can be absorbed by the plant, so this is one of the factors for evaluating the quality of a product.

Sources and methods of extraction

The main sources of amino acids are from vegetables, animals or synthetics. Amino acids of animal origin are usually produced from collagen and hair. Those obtained by plants, are extracted from vegetable waste of soybean, cereals, etc. The aminograms presented by these types of products depend on the type of plant material used. Finally, it is possible to design a product with synthetic amino acids, that is, to buy specific amino acids in the chemical industry and make a product with the amount of each you want. This method is much more expensive, but the resulting products are of high quality and have a faster effect.

In agriculture they are mainly two types to obtain the amino acids. Acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis (or enzymatic fermentation).

Acid hydrolysis is the most rudimentary method and cheap. It consists in a prolonged boiling of the protein with acid solutions. This method is quite aggressive, so the resulting amino acid have low quality, due to there is a high percentage not free amino acids, and some are partially destroyed during the process. However, the improvement in manufacturing and the new techniques have managed to increase the quality of these products.

The enzymatic fermentation process is similar to the previous one, but much less aggressive. It is not necessary to increase a lot the temperature and instead of an acid solution, a certain enzyme is used (usually of bacterial or fungal origin). The process is more expensive and complex, but the percentage of free amino acids is much higher, so most of the composition of these products is usable by the plant.

Conclusions

The use of amino acids in agriculture is a tool that can be very useful to improve the production and the quality of the crop to overcome moments of stress due to low temperatures, droughts, etc., but it is necessary to have a knowledge of this type of products to buy the correct item for your crop.

In ADLER AGRO there is a variety of products with amino acids. It will be pleasure to answer the questions that can arise about which of our products is the best one in each case.

Robotic Agriculture

Robotic Agriculture

Robotic Agriculture

Let's start by defining what the word robot means, which, in so many cases, scares and attracts us at the same time. The term comes from the Czech word robota, which means 'compulsory work'. It is still a product that has its functions defined 100% and that cannot change the destination of its use by itself.

From the parking machines to the refrigerators that we have at home, we have a wide range of electronic devices that in many cases solve our day-to-day work, but in many others we can see it as an attack on the manual work of people who they could be occupying the position of the machine.

The purpose of this post is not to create controversy, but to talk a little about advances in agriculture, which can seem fascinating and innovative. The first revolution was already seen in this sector when, thanks to animals, and the elemental use of water and wind, we put aside the roughest work. After this came steam engines, engines, tractors ... In short, they were appliances, let's call them that, that increased production and reduced labor, that is, they increased the general yield of the crop.

Well here comes the news, drones. Yes, drones that will allow spraying herbicides at more or less 200 m2 / h. This is being done by the robotics company DJI. These new "air farmers" will be autonomous and will return to their base to load both spray material and batteries, and thus organize themselves among their squad partners, areas and work times.

All this, which in turn is going to provide the farmer, is information in real time on his crop, at a photographic and / or video level, on the state of the plant material, the land or the irrigation systems. Therefore, now the question is, are we facing a new industrial revolution?